Scott had claimed the McMurdo Sound area as his own "field of work", and Shackleton's use of the area as a base was in breach of an undertaking he gave Scott. He had been forced to turn for home at 88° 23' S, less than 100 geographical miles (112 miles (180 km)) from his objective. Starting from a base close to Scott's Discovery anchorage in McMurdo Sound, Shackleton had crossed the Great Ice Barrier, discovered the Beardmore Glacier route to the Polar Plateau, and had struck out for the Pole. In 1909, Scott received news that Ernest Shackleton's Nimrod expedition had narrowly failed to reach the Pole. The Discovery Expedition had made a significant contribution to Antarctic scientific and geographical knowledge, but in terms of penetration southward had reached only 82° 17' and had not traversed the Great Ice Barrier. Preparations Background Īfter RRS Discovery's return from the Antarctic in 1904, Captain Robert Falcon Scott eventually resumed his naval career but continued to nurse ambitions of returning south, with the conquest of the South Pole as his specific target. The degree of Scott's personal culpability and, more recently, the culpability of certain expedition members, remains controversial. In the final quarter of the 20th century the expedition came under closer scrutiny, and more critical views were expressed about its organization and management. A journey to Cape Crozier in June and July 1911 was the first extended sledging journey in the depths of the Antarctic winter.įor many years after his death, Scott's status as tragic hero was unchallenged and few questions were asked about the causes of the disaster which overcame his polar party. An attempted landing and exploration of King Edward VII Land was unsuccessful. The expedition's team of scientists carried out a comprehensive scientific programme, while other parties explored Victoria Land and the Western Mountains. It had further backing from the Admiralty, which released experienced seamen to the expedition, and from the Royal Geographical Society. The expedition, named after its supply ship, was a private venture financed by public contributions and a government grant. Scott's party of five died on the return journey from the pole some of their bodies, journals, and photographs were found by a search party eight months later. He and four companions attained the pole on 17 January 1912, where they found that a Norwegian team led by Roald Amundsen had preceded them by 34 days. Scott wished to continue the scientific work that he had begun when leading the Discovery Expedition from 1901 to 1904, and wanted to be the first to reach the geographic South Pole. Led by Captain Robert Falcon Scott, the expedition had various scientific and geographical objectives. The Terra Nova Expedition, officially the British Antarctic Expedition, was an expedition to Antarctica which took place between 19. Edward Adrian Wilson, Robert Falcon Scott, Lawrence Oates, Henry Robertson Bowers and Edgar Evans at the South Pole
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